Potential of nature-based solutions to reduce antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance, and pathogens in aquatic ecosystems. A critical review

This review assesses nature-based solutions (NBS)’s effectiveness in reducing antibiotics, combating antimicrobial resistance, and controlling pathogens in aquatic environments. It explores conventional and innovative wastewater treatment wetland configurations, river restoration, and saltmarshes. The review concludes that NBS are feasible for addressing human-induced challenges, highlighting success stories, addressing knowledge gaps, and providing recommendations for future research.